Beyond the colossal ramparts of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri massifs lies a land suspended in time: Upper Mustang, Nepal's last forbidden kingdom.
The Complete Mustang Experience - 18 Days
Trip Overview
Duration18 Days
Trip GradeHard
CountryNepal
Maximum Altitude4,217 m (Kancholing Cave)
Group Size2-14 pax
StartsKathmandu
EndsKathmandu
ActivitiesTrek in Nepal
Best TimeMar - May | Aug - Nov
Highlights
- The Walled City of Lo Manthang:Discover the ancient capital, a labyrinth of narrow alleys, the historic Royal Palace, and magnificent centuries-old monasteries such as Thubchen and Jampa Gompa.
- Mysterious Sky Caves:Venture into the Chhoser valley to explore the multi-story Jhong Cave and other cliffside dwellings, ancient marvels that have served as homes, meditation retreats, and burial chambers.
- The Complete Circuit:This exclusive itinerary goes beyond the standard path, venturing into the wild eastern valleys to cross remote high passes like Paa Pass (4,205 m) and Giyu La (4,077 m), offering a truly unparalleled off-the-beaten-path adventure.
- Himalayan Panoramas:Trek against a constant backdrop of the snow-crowned giants of the Annapurnas and Dhaulagiri, their white peaks creating a dramatic and unforgettable contrast with the arid, multi-colored landscape below.
An Invitation to a Lost Kingdom: Introduction to the Upper Mustang Trek
Our Upper Mustang Complete Experience Circuit is not merely a trek; it is a pilgrimage into a rare bastion of authentic Tibetan culture, a realm that was politically and geographically isolated from the outside world until 1992. To journey here is to traverse a high-altitude desert of surreal beauty, explore medieval settlements, and witness a way of life preserved for centuries.
The soul of this program is the exploration of the former Kingdom of Lo. Until 2008, this semi-independent state was ruled by its own monarchy. While the king, or Lo Gyalpo, no longer holds official authority, the local Lo-pa people continue to revere the royal family, offering a living connection to a dynastic heritage that has shaped this land for over 600 years. This cultural integrity, shielded by the rain shadow of the Himalayas, is the trek's most profound reward. The landscape itself is a stark and magnificent departure from the verdant hills of lower Nepal. It is a trans-Himalayan desert, a vast expanse of wind-eroded canyons, ochre-hued cliffs, and arid plateaus that echo the terrain of neighboring Tibet.
This journey is graded as Hard. The challenge is not one of technical climbing but of endurance and resilience. It demands the capacity for long, sustained trekking days—some lasting up to ten hours—at a consistently high altitude, often in the face of strong winds and dust. Success requires excellent physical conditioning and a robust mental disposition, prepared for the rigors of a remote, high-desert environment.
While the region’s isolation was a key factor in preserving its unique culture, it was historically a major artery of commerce. For centuries, the trail through Mustang was a critical section of the salt caravan route linking the Tibetan plateau with the Indian subcontinent. This duality defines the experience; trekkers are not just entering a secluded sanctuary but are walking a corridor of ancient trade and pilgrimage. The very monasteries and villages that feel so wonderfully preserved are a direct legacy of the prosperity this historic trade once brought.
We invite you to journey into Nepal's lost Tibetan kingdom on the Upper Mustang Circuit Trek, the only way to explore this last forbidden kingdom away from the crowds. Hike off-the-beaten-trails through forgotten settlements where time stands still, on a remote 18-day adventure that culminates at the ancient walled city of Lo Manthang.
The Complete Mustang Experience - 18 Days Itinerary
You can request additional days (extra cost applicable) and include the following excursions in this program for a wholesome experience
- Kancholing Cave excursion from Chhoser and return to Lo Manthang (4,217 m | 12 km; 5-6 hrs)
- Luri Gumba excursion from Yara (4,080 m | 11 km; 5 hrs)
Kathmandu to KathmanduExpand all
Depending on how you plan to arrive at Kathmandu, we will arrange for you to rendezvous at your hotel in Thamel. In most cases, you will arrive at Kathmandu via Tribhuvan International Airport where you will meet your guide.
In the evening, you will join for a program briefing with your group members. In case you arrive late at night, you will meet your group members next day at breakfast during which you will also be briefed about your program.
You've the morning to yourselves as Himalayan Ecstasy sorts out your Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit and ACAP.
Early afternoon, you'll embark on a spectacular 25-minute flight offers breathtaking aerial views of the Himalayan range to Pokhara. The rest of the day is at leisure in Pokhara, a serene city nestled by Phewa Lake, with the iconic spire of Machhapuchhre (Fishtail) peak dominating the skyline.
The journey begins with a four-hour drive deep into the Kali Gandaki Gorge, the world's deepest. From the village of Lete, an essential acclimatization hike of four to five hours leads to the beautiful Titi Lake. This walk offers the first close-up views of the colossal Dhaulagiri massif, preparing the body for the altitudes to come.
You'll drive to Dhumba Lake, a glacial lake fed by the ice melt from Nilgiri, en-route to Jomsom and continue up the valley to the medieval village of Kagbeni.
Here, at the official checkpoint, the mandatory Restricted Area Permit (RAP) and Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) are presented. This marks the formal entry into the forbidden Kingdom of Lo. Time is allocated to explore Kagbeni's labyrinthine alleys and ancient monastery before driving onward to the overnight stop in Samar.
A challenging day of ascents and descents through dramatic, eroded canyons. The trail crosses the first of many high passes, offering expansive views. A key highlight is a visit to Chungsi Cave, a sacred site where Guru Rinpoche is said to have meditated.
The day involves a significant climb to the Keke La at 4,030 m, a windswept saddle adorned with prayer flags that offers vast, panoramic views across the Mustang landscape. From the pass, a long descent leads to the village of Ghami, one of the largest settlements in the region, nestled by a river.
A day rich in cultural landmarks. The route passes the spectacular, blood-red cliffs of Dhakmar, a place steeped in local legend. A visit is made to the ancient Ghar Gompa, one of the oldest monasteries in the region. The trail then passes Nepal's longest Mani wall before arriving in Tsarang, a village distinguished by its large, crumbling fortress and an impressive red monastery.
The trail descends into a canyon, crosses the Tsarang Chu river, and then begins a steady climb towards the Lo La pass (3,850 m). This pass offers the iconic, long-awaited first view of the walled city of Lo Manthang, a breathtaking sight in the vast, arid basin below.
A fascinating day trip into the Chhoser valley, exploring the region's famous sky caves. The primary destination is the Jhong Cave, an incredible five-story complex with over 40 rooms carved directly into the cliff face. The excursion also includes visits to the nearby ancient monasteries of Lo-Nifu and Lo-Gurfu.
The trek now enters its more remote eastern circuit. The day begins with a descent to the village of Dhi, followed by a crossing of the Kali Gandaki river. A challenging climb on the other side leads to the village of Yara, which is dramatically set amidst towering, fluted cliffs and rock formations.
This is a long and demanding day across a remote, high-desert plateau. The trail is undulating and exposed, requiring high stamina. A key challenge is the crossing of the Dhechyang Khola, a river that may need to be forded depending on water levels. Tangge is a beautiful, fortified village that feels wonderfully isolated.
The trek's ultimate physical challenge. The day involves a very long and steep ascent to the highest point of the entire journey, the Paa Pass at 4,205 m. The summit provides extraordinary views. This is followed by an equally long and demanding descent into the valley, finally reaching the village of Tetang.
The final trekking day crosses one last pass, the Giyu La at 4,077 m, before descending to the sacred pilgrimage site of Muktinath. This marks the re-entry into the bustling Annapurna Circuit region, a stark contrast to the solitude of the past week.
The morning is dedicated to exploring the holy Muktinath temple complex, revered by both Hindus and Buddhists, with its 108 water spouts and eternal flame. Afterward, a short 45-minute drive leads back to the district headquarters of Jomsom.
An early morning flight provides a final, thrilling 25-minute aerial journey through the Kali Gandaki Gorge, with stunning views of Dhaulagiri and Annapurna. The rest of the day is for relaxation in Pokhara.
This essential buffer day accounts for the high probability of weather-related flight delays or cancellations from Jomsom, ensuring the international departure is not jeopardized. You'll have the day at leisure to explore the vibrant lakeside city on your own.
A morning flight returns to Kathmandu, with the remainder of the day free for last-minute souvenir shopping or relaxation.
In the evening, you're invitied to join a farewell dinner celebrating your Upper Mustang journey.
Depending upon your exit plans, with the most probable being your return flight back home, your guide or a representative will accompany you to the Tribhuvan International Airport.
Trip Cost Details
Includes
The following are the list of services, also defined in the itinerary, included in the package cost for the Everest Base Camp Trek:
Room and board in the city, transfers & flights
- Airport Transfers: 7 airport transfers (international arrival & departure, and domestic drop & pickup) in a private air-conditioned vehicle
- Trailhead Transfers: Private transfer from Pokhara to Samar with an overnight stop at Lete and excursion to Dhumba Lake in a 4x4 (6 members per jeep)
- Accommodation in Kathmandu: 2 nights in a 3-star hotel at Hotel Thamel Park in Kathmandu
- Accommodation in Pokhara: 3 nights in a Lakeside hotel in Pokhara
- Meals in Kathmandu: 2 breakfast at your hotel and 1 complimentary farewell dinner
- Meals in Pokahra: 3 breakfast at your hotel
- Scheduled Flights: Kathmandu to Pokhara round-trip | Pokhara to Jomsom one-way
Room and board on the trek
- Accommodation: Twin sharing room on local lodges as available on the trail
- Meals: 3 meals a day with a cup of either tea or coffee or as defined in the itinerary
- Additions: Seasonal fresh fruits, cookies, and water purification tablets (with advance notice)
Trek Crew
- Trek Guide: An English-speaking professional, experienced and licensed trekking guide
- Support Staff: Assistance guide for groups above 6 and 1 porter for 2 guests (one porter carries maximum 25-kilogram baggage)
- Crew Insurance: Insurance for trek guide, assistant guide/s, and porter/s per Nepal government rule
Other Services
- Permits: Restricted Area Permit (RAP) - 10 days & Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP)
- Gear: 1 duffel bag for 2 group members - to be returned after the trek
- First-aid: Comprehensive medical kit equipped with an oximeter
Excludes
- International airfare, Nepal visa fees (two passport photographs), travel and medical insurance, emergency evacuation costs.
- Meals not specified in the itinerary and inclusions.
- Personal expenses on the trip (snacks, chocolate bars, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, hot showers, telephone and internet services, electricity charges at higher altitudes, laundry, etc.).
- Costs arising from natural calamities, mishaps, or anything beyond our control.
- Any costs incurred due to your voluntary departure from the trek, including early return, are non-refundable.
- Tips for guides and porters (while not obligatory, it is expected by your staff at the end of their service).
- Personal items including but not limited to trekking gear (hiking poles, gaiters, sunglasses, etc.), clothing (shorts, shoes, slippers, etc.), and hygiene and toiletries (sunscreen, toilet paper, hand sanitizer).
- Any service not specifically mentioned in the 'Services Includes' section.
Essential Information
The Rhythm of the Mountains: Best Seasons to Trek
- Spring (March-May) & Autumn (September-October): These are the classic Himalayan trekking seasons, offering stable weather, moderate temperatures, and clear skies for optimal mountain views.
- The Monsoon Advantage (June-August): Unique among Nepal's great treks, Upper Mustang lies in the Himalayan rain shadow. This makes it an excellent trekking destination during the monsoon months when other regions are inaccessible. This period also often coincides with major cultural events like the Tiji Festival (typically in May), a vibrant, multi-day Buddhist ritual in Lo Manthang.
Forging Your Strength: Physical Fitness and Preparation
- Endurance is Key: The primary physical requirement is exceptional cardiovascular endurance. The ability to walk for 6-9 hours daily, on consecutive days, with a daypack is essential. A training regimen focused on long-distance hiking, running, cycling, or stair-climbing for several months prior to departure is highly recommended.
- Mental Preparedness: The psychological demands of trekking in a remote, harsh environment should not be underestimated. The relentless wind, dust, and isolation can be as challenging as the physical exertion. Mental conditioning through visualization, breaking down long days into smaller, manageable goals, and maintaining a positive mindset are crucial for success.
Keys to the Kingdom: Permits and Fees
Trekking in Upper Mustang is a privilege, regulated by the Government of Nepal to preserve its unique culture and fragile ecosystem. The permit process is strict and non-negotiable.
- Mandatory Permits: All foreign trekkers require two permits:
- Restricted Area Permit (RAP): This is the primary permit, costing USD $500 per person for the first 10 days. Any additional days spent within the restricted zone (north of Kagbeni) cost an extra USD $50 per day.
- Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): As the trek begins and ends within the Annapurna Conservation Area, this permit is also required. The cost is USD $30 per person.
- The Process: Permits can only be obtained through a government-registered trekking agency in Nepal. Independent trekking is strictly forbidden. A minimum group size of two trekkers, accompanied by a licensed Nepali guide, is required to secure the permits.46 This regulation underscores the necessity of booking through an accredited operator.
|
Permit & Fee Summary (2025/2026) |
||
|
Permit Name |
Cost (USD) |
Issuing Body |
|
Restricted Area Permit (RAP) |
$500 (first 10 days) + $50/extra day |
Department of Immigration, Nepal |
|
Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) |
$30 |
Nepal Tourism Board |
Himalayan Hospitality: Accommodation, Food, and Water
- Accommodation: Lodging on the trek is in teahouses—simple, family-run guesthouses. Rooms are typically twin-bedded with basic furnishings. While clean and comfortable, trekkers should expect shared bathroom facilities and limited heating, which is usually confined to a stove in the main dining hall during the evenings. Extras such as charging electronic devices and hot showers are available for a small fee.
- Food: Teahouse menus offer a surprising variety of dishes, but the staple is Dal Bhat—a nutritious and energy-rich meal of rice, lentil soup, and vegetables, which often comes with free refills. It is advisable to stick to vegetarian options at higher altitudes, as meat is not always fresh.
- Water: Tap water is not safe to drink. To stay hydrated and avoid gastrointestinal issues, all water must be treated. The most environmentally friendly options are using water purification tablets/drops, a UV sterilizer, or a filter bottle. Boiled water can also be purchased at teahouses. Drinking 3-4 liters of water per day is crucial for proper acclimatization.
Your Mountain Companions: Guide and Porter Support
- Guide (Mandatory): A licensed guide is required by law. Beyond regulation, the guide is your most critical asset for safety, navigation, cultural interpretation, and logistical management. They bridge the language gap and provide invaluable insights into the Lo-pa culture.
- Porter (Highly Recommended): Hiring a porter is a practical decision that significantly enhances the trekking experience. A porter will carry the bulk of your gear (up to 18-20 kg), allowing you to walk with only a light daypack. This conserves your energy, reduces physical strain, and allows you to focus fully on the stunning scenery and cultural immersion.
Gearing Up: Essential Equipment Highlights
A comprehensive gear list will be provided upon booking, but key items specific to the challenges of Upper Mustang include:
- Layered Clothing System: A combination of moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers (fleece/down), and a windproof/waterproof outer shell.
- Footwear: Broken-in, sturdy trekking boots with good ankle support are essential.
- Face Protection: A buff, balaclava, or face mask is non-negotiable to protect against the persistent wind and dust.
- Sun Protection: High-altitude sun is intense. High SPF sunscreen, lip balm, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-rated sunglasses are mandatory.
- Trekking Poles: Highly recommended for stability on rocky trails and to reduce stress on knees during long descents.
Equipment Lists
Embarking on the Upper Mustang Trek demands a versatile and thoughtfully packed gear list. The right equipment is crucial for your comfort, safety, and enjoyment across diverse landscapes. This curated guide ensures you are well-prepared for varying climates, activities, and altitudes, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in every unique experience Nepal has to offer.
Head
- Sun Hat / Cap: A wide-brimmed sun hat or a baseball cap for protection from the strong Himalayan sun, especially at lower elevations and during daytime activities.
- Warm Fleece Hat / Beanie: Essential for warmth during chilly mornings, evenings, and at higher altitudes (e.g., Poon Hill sunrise). Ensure it covers your ears.
- Buff / Neck Gaiter: Highly versatile for neck warmth, sun protection, or dust/wind protection for your face.
Upper Body
- Base Layers (Wicking T-shirts & Long Sleeves): 2-3 pieces of lightweight, quick-drying merino wool or synthetic fabric. Crucial for wicking sweat.
- Mid-Layer (Fleece Jacket): 1-2 pieces of mid-weight fleece for insulation, easily added or removed as temperatures change.
- Insulated Jacket (Lightweight Puffy): A lightweight synthetic or down jacket (e.g., 600-fill power) for warmth in cooler evenings and early mornings, particularly at Ghorepani and Poon Hill.
- Outer Shell (Waterproof & Windproof Jacket): A breathable, waterproof, and windproof jacket. Essential for protection against rain, light snow, or strong winds. Look for a hood and pit zips for ventilation.
- Casual/Light Shirts: 2-3 comfortable, breathable shirts for cultural sightseeing in Kathmandu, Bandipur, and safari activities in Chitwan (e.g., cotton/linen blends). Avoid bright colors for safari.
Hands
- Lightweight Liner Gloves: Thin fleece or merino wool gloves for dexterity and warmth in cooler conditions.
- Warm Fleece Gloves / Softshell Gloves: A warmer pair for colder mornings, evenings, and on the Poon Hill ascent.
Lower Body
- Trekking Trousers: 1-2 pairs of comfortable, quick-drying trekking pants. Convertible pants (zip-off legs) are excellent for versatility.
- Warm Trousers / Fleece Pants: 1 pair of warmer pants for evenings at higher lodges or colder trekking days.
- Rain Trousers (Waterproof & Windproof): Lightweight, waterproof pants with full-length zippers are ideal for easy on/off over boots. Essential for rain or snow protection.
- Shorts: 1-2 pairs for warmer days, cultural tours, and especially comfortable for Chitwan National Park activities and rafting.
- Swimwear: For rafting or hotel pools (if applicable).
Foot Wear
- Waterproof Trekking Boots (Mid-Cut): Your primary footwear for the trek. Ensure they are well broken-in, waterproof, provide good ankle support, and have sturdy soles.
- Camp Shoes / Sandals / Flip-flops: Lightweight, comfortable footwear for wearing around lodges, in Bandipur, and for relaxing your feet after trekking (e.g., Crocs, Chacos).
- Trekking Socks: 3-4 pairs of high-quality merino wool or synthetic socks. These wick moisture and prevent blisters. Avoid cotton socks entirely.
- Casual Socks: 2-3 pairs of comfortable socks for non-trekking days.
Travel Documents
- Passport: Valid for at least 6 months beyond your trip.
- Nepal Visa: Obtain on arrival or in advance (requires passport photos).
- Airline Tickets: E-tickets for international and domestic flights (Kathmandu-Pokhara flight).
- Travel & Medical Insurance: Essential, covering medical emergencies, trip cancellation, and emergency evacuation. Carry policy details.
- Passport-sized Photographs: 4-6 extra copies for permits or unforeseen needs.
- Credit/Debit Cards & Cash (NPR): For personal expenses, tips, souvenirs. ATMs are available in cities.
- Emergency Contact Information: For yourself and your tour operator.
- Photocopies / Digital Backups: Keep copies of all important documents separate from originals (physical and digital cloud/email).
Sun Stuffs
- Sunglasses: High-quality, 100% UV-protective sunglasses (Category 3 or 4) are crucial for protecting your eyes from intense sun and glare.
- Sunscreen: Minimum SPF 30-50+, broad-spectrum, water-resistant. Apply liberally.
- Lip Balm with SPF: Essential to prevent chapping and sunburn on your lips.
Toiletries
- Toothbrush & Toothpaste: Travel-sized.
- Biodegradable Soap / Shampoo: Small, travel-sized, and ideally biodegradable to minimize environmental impact.
- Hand Sanitizer: Essential for hygiene on the go.
- Moisturizer / Lotion: For face and body, to combat dry air.
- Small Quick-Drying Towel (Microfiber): For personal use.
- Toilet Paper: Always carry a roll.
- Feminine Hygiene Products: Pack an adequate supply if applicable, as availability is limited.
Eating & Drinking
- Water Bottle(s): 1-2 reusable water bottles (e.g., Nalgene, 1-liter) or a hydration reservoir (2-3 liter for your daypack). Water purification tablets/filter are optional for personal use.
- Personal Snacks / Energy Bars: While meals are provided, extra snacks (energy bars, nuts, dried fruit, chocolate) are excellent for quick energy boosts on the trek or during activities.
Sleeping Bags
- Light to Mid-Weight Sleeping Bag: A sleeping bag with a comfort rating of around 0°C to -5°C (32°F to 23°F) is generally suitable for lodge stays during the Poon Hill trek. Teahouses provide blankets, but your own bag adds crucial warmth and hygiene.
Bag Packs
- Daypack (25-35 Liters): This is the pack you'll carry daily. It should be comfortable, with padded straps, a hip belt, and space for water, snacks, extra layers, camera, valuables, and personal items. Look for an integrated rain cover.
- Duffel Bag (60-80 Liters): For your main luggage, to be transported by porters/vehicles. Choose a durable, weather-resistant bag (no rigid frame or wheels).
Climbing Equipments
- Trekking Poles (Pair): Highly recommended for stability, balance, and reducing knee strain on the trek's ascents and descents.
- Headlamp (with Spare Batteries): Crucial for early morning starts (Poon Hill), navigating lodges at night, or in case of unexpected delays.
Medical & First Aid
Personal First Aid Kit:
- Pain relievers (Ibuprofen/Paracetamol)
- Blister treatment (Moleskin, Compeed, athletic tape)
- Antiseptic wipes and bandages
- Diarrhea medication (Loperamide)
- Allergy medication (Antihistamines)
- Any personal prescription medications (with enough supply for the trip duration)
- Electrolyte powder (for hydration).
- Diamox (Acetazolamide - for AMS prevention): Consult your doctor regarding this prescription medication if you have concerns about altitude, though the risk is low on this specific trek.
- Hand warmers / Toe warmers: (Optional) For colder mornings or if you suffer from cold extremities.
The Complete Mustang Experience - 18 Days FAQs
The trek is graded as Hard. Even thoug you'll not reach 5,000 metres on the Upper Mustang Trek, the difficulty comes from the long daily distances (6-9 hours on average), sustained high altitude, and exposure to wind and dust, rather than from technical climbing requirement.
The highest point on this Upper Mustang Trek itinerary is the Kangcholing Cave at 4,217 m.
Our carefully designed itinerary consists of gradual ascents and plenty of acclimatization days to mitigate any chances of altitude sickness. Plus, our expert guides are trained to recognize early symptoms. As long as you stay well-hydrated, maintain a slow and steady pace, and descend if symptoms persist, you'll be okay.
No. Upper Mustang is a government-regulated restricted area.
It is mandatory to trek with a licensed guide as part of an organized group of at least two trekkers, and all permits must be arranged by a registered Nepali trekking agency.
Our package include all permits, domestic flights, ground transport, guide and porter services, and standard meals and accommodation during the trek.
Exclusions generally cover international airfare, Nepali visa fees, travel insurance, personal expenses (showers, charging, snacks), beverages, and tips.
For a detailed breakdown please refer to Cost Details.
The high permit fee is a deliberate policy by the Nepal government to limit the number of tourists.
This strategy helps to preserve the unique, fragile culture and pristine environment of the Upper Mustang region from the impacts of mass tourism.
In this package, accommodation on the trek is in basic but clean and welcoming teahouses (lodges) on twin-sharing rooms and shared bathroom facilities.
Luxurious options are available till Lo-Manthang (at an added cost), but the options are severly limited on the eastern trail (Yara, Tangee and Tetang). Please contact us for more information.
It is recommended to budget approximately USD $25-35 per day for personal expenses.
This will cover costs such as hot showers, charging electronics, Wi-Fi (where available), extra snacks, beverages, and tips for your guide and porter.
Yes. Comprehensive travel insurance is a mandatory requirement for joining this trek.
The policy must cover high-altitude trekking up to at least 4,300 m and, crucially, include emergency medical evacuation by helicopter.