Journey to Nepal's 'Forbidden Kingdom' of Mustang, a land of ancient Tibetan culture and stunning rain-shadow landscapes. A challenging trek for those seeking deep history and a profound Himalayan adventure.
Upper Mustang Trek - 18 Days
Trip Overview
Duration18 Days
Trip GradeHard
CountryNepal
Maximum Altitude4,295 m (Marang La)
Group Size2 - 14 pax
StartsKathmandu
EndsKathmandu
ActivitiesTrekking in Nepal
Best TimeMar - May | Aug - Nov
Highlights
- Unique mineral lanscape comparable to lunarscape (moon's landscape)
- Explore Tibetan villages and Buddhist monasteries
- Visit Konchok Ling caves which was discovered in 2007
- Possible to plan your visit during the festivals of Tiji and Yartung
- Experienced, professional and expert guides
The name Mustang has a certain ring to it, conjuring images of a remote mountain land steeped in centuries-old complex culture. A Tibetan enclave in Nepalese territory, this ancient kingdom was long inaccessible to foreigners, visited only by a handful of pioneering explorers such as Guiseppe Tucci and Michel Peissel. While a trek to this fabled "forbidden kingdom" became possible for a limited number of travelers in 1992, the region's mystique remains, offering an experience entirely different from the more frequented Annapurna and Everest trails.
This 18-day Upper Mustang Trek is a challenging yet highly rewarding journey for those who have already experienced the wonders of Nepal and now seek a deeper, more profound adventure. You will follow the ancient salt-trade routes that were once part of the Silk Road, which offer a vivid lesson in the resilience and unique culture of the Loba people. Bordering Tibet, the trek explores regions that have preserved authentic Tibetan culture and tradition, with Lo Manthang, the capital, as the culmination of this exceptional journey.
As you traverse one of the driest regions of Nepal, you'll be rewarded with a landscape of red cliffs, canyons, and fairy chimneys that contrast dramatically with the high peaks of the roof of the world. For those who have already experienced the wonders of Nepal and now seek a journey into a world of ancient culture, profound history, and raw natural beauty, the Upper Mustang Trek is the ultimate adventure. It is an experience that will not only challenge you physically but will enrich you culturally and spiritually.
Upper Mustang Trek - 18 Days Itinerary
You can time your Upper Mustang journey to include the following.
- the colorful 3-day Tiji festival which has been celebrated since the last 300 years memorializing the victory of good over evil (usually mid to end of May)
- the adventurous Yartung festival celebrated throughout Upper & Lower Mustang, Manang, Upper Dolpo and Manaslu region marking the end of summer and harvest season (August's full moon | Sturgeon Moon)
Please email us for more information.
Kathmandu to KathmanduExpand all
Trip Cost Details
Includes
The following are the list of services, also defined in the itinerary, included in the package cost for the Everest Base Camp Trek:
Room and board in the city, transfers & flights
- Airport Transfers: 7 airport transfers (international arrival & departure, and domestic drop & pickup) in a private air-conditioned vehicle
- Accommodation in Kathmandu: 3 nights in a 3-star hotel at Hotel Thamel Park in Kathmandu
- Accommodation in Pokhara: 2 nights in a Lakeside hotel in Pokhara
- Meals in Kathmandu: 3 breakfast at your hotel and 1 complimentary farewell dinner
- Meals in Pokahra: 2 breakfast at your hotel
- Scheduled Flights: Kathmandu to Pokhara round-trip & Pokhara to Jomsom round-trip
Room and board on the trek
- Accommodation: Twin sharing room on local lodges as available on the trail
- Meals: 3 meals a day with a cup of either tea or coffee or as defined in the itinerary
- Additions: Seasonal fresh fruits, cookies, and water purification tablets (with advance notice)
Trek Crew
- Trek Guide: An English-speaking professional, experienced and licensed trekking guide
- Support Staff: Assistance guide for groups above 6 and 1 porter for 2 guests (one porter carries maximum 25-kilogram baggage)
- Crew Insurance: Insurance for trek guide, assistant guide/s, and porter/s per Nepal government rule
Other Services
- Permits: Upper Mustang Restricted Area Permit (RAP) - 10 days & Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP)
- Gear: 1 duffel bag for 2 group members - to be returned after the trek
- First-aid: Comprehensive medical kit equipped with an oximeter
Excludes
- International airfare, Nepal visa fees (two passport photographs), travel and medical insurance, emergency evacuation costs.
- Meals not specified in the itinerary and inclusions.
- Personal expenses on the trip (snacks, chocolate bars, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, hot showers, telephone and internet services, electricity charges at higher altitudes, laundry, etc.).
- Costs arising from natural calamities, mishaps, or anything beyond our control.
- Any costs incurred due to your voluntary departure from the trek, including early return, are non-refundable.
- Tips for guides and porters (while not obligatory, it is expected by your staff at the end of their service).
- Personal items including but not limited to trekking gear (hiking poles, gaiters, sunglasses, etc.), clothing (shorts, shoes, slippers, etc.), and hygiene and toiletries (sunscreen, toilet paper, hand sanitizer).
- Any service not specifically mentioned in the 'Services Includes' section.
Dates & Availability
- Spring (March-May) & Autumn (September-October): These are the classic Himalayan trekking seasons, offering stable weather, moderate temperatures, and clear skies for optimal mountain views.
- The Monsoon Advantage (June-August): Unique among Nepal's great treks, Upper Mustang lies in the Himalayan rain shadow. This makes it an excellent trekking destination during the monsoon months when other regions are inaccessible. This period also often coincides with major cultural events like the Tiji Festival (typically in May), a vibrant, multi-day Buddhist ritual in Lo Manthang.
Essential Information
The Rhythm of the Mountains: Best Seasons to Trek
- Spring (March-May) & Autumn (September-October): These are the classic Himalayan trekking seasons, offering stable weather, moderate temperatures, and clear skies for optimal mountain views.
- The Monsoon Advantage (June-August): Unique among Nepal's great treks, Upper Mustang lies in the Himalayan rain shadow. This makes it an excellent trekking destination during the monsoon months when other regions are inaccessible. This period also often coincides with major cultural events like the Tiji Festival (typically in May), a vibrant, multi-day Buddhist ritual in Lo Manthang.
Forging Your Strength: Physical Fitness and Preparation
- Endurance is Key: The primary physical requirement is exceptional cardiovascular endurance. The ability to walk for 6-9 hours daily, on consecutive days, with a daypack is essential. A training regimen focused on long-distance hiking, running, cycling, or stair-climbing for several months prior to departure is highly recommended.
- Mental Preparedness: The psychological demands of trekking in a remote, harsh environment should not be underestimated. The relentless wind, dust, and isolation can be as challenging as the physical exertion. Mental conditioning through visualization, breaking down long days into smaller, manageable goals, and maintaining a positive mindset are crucial for success.
Keys to the Kingdom: Permits and Fees
Trekking in Upper Mustang is a privilege, regulated by the Government of Nepal to preserve its unique culture and fragile ecosystem. The permit process is strict and non-negotiable.
- Mandatory Permits: All foreign trekkers require two permits:
- Mustang Restricted Area Permit (RAP): This is the primary permit, costing USD $500 per person for the first 10 days. Any additional days spent within the restricted zone (north of Kagbeni) cost an extra USD $50 per day.
- Group Requirement: A minimum of two trekkers is strictly required to obtain the RAP permit. Even if you plan on traveling solo, you will still need to hire two valid passports (with valid Nepali visas) to meet the mandatory group size for the permit application.
- Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP): As the trek begins and ends within the Annapurna Conservation Area, this permit is also required. The cost is USD $30 per person.
- The Process: Permits can only be obtained through a government-registered trekking agency in Nepal. Independent trekking is strictly forbidden. A minimum group size of two trekkers, accompanied by a licensed Nepali guide, is required to secure the permits.46 This regulation underscores the necessity of booking through an accredited operator.
| Permit & Fee Summary (2025/2026) | ||
|
Permit Name |
Cost (USD) |
Issuing Body |
|
Restricted Area Permit (RAP) |
$500 (first 10 days) + $50/extra day |
Department of Immigration, Nepal |
|
Annapurna Conservation Area Permit (ACAP) |
$30 |
Nepal Tourism Board |
Himalayan Hospitality: Accommodation, Food, and Water
- Accommodation: Lodging on the trek is in teahouses—simple, family-run guesthouses. Rooms are typically twin-bedded with basic furnishings. While clean and comfortable, trekkers should expect shared bathroom facilities and limited heating, which is usually confined to a stove in the main dining hall during the evenings. Extras such as charging electronic devices and hot showers are available for a small fee.
- Food: Teahouse menus offer a surprising variety of dishes, but the staple is Dal Bhat—a nutritious and energy-rich meal of rice, lentil soup, and vegetables, which often comes with free refills. It is advisable to stick to vegetarian options at higher altitudes, as meat is not always fresh.
- Water: Tap water is not safe to drink. To stay hydrated and avoid gastrointestinal issues, all water must be treated. The most environmentally friendly options are using water purification tablets/drops, a UV sterilizer, or a filter bottle. Boiled water can also be purchased at teahouses. Drinking 3-4 liters of water per day is crucial for proper acclimatization.
Your Mountain Companions: Guide and Porter Support
- Guide (Mandatory): The Upper Mustang trek is highly regulated, and solo trekking is not permitted, Hence a licensed guide is required by law. Beyond regulation, the guide is your most critical asset for safety, navigation, cultural interpretation, and logistical management. They bridge the language gap and provide invaluable insights into the Lo-pa culture.
- Porter (Highly Recommended): Hiring a porter is a practical decision that significantly enhances the trekking experience. A porter will carry the bulk of your gear (up to 18-20 kg), allowing you to walk with only a light daypack. This conserves your energy, reduces physical strain, and allows you to focus fully on the stunning scenery and cultural immersion.
Gearing Up: Essential Equipment Highlights
Key items specific to the challenges of Upper Mustang include:
- Layered Clothing System: A combination of moisture-wicking base layers, insulating mid-layers (fleece/down), and a windproof/waterproof outer shell.
- Footwear: Broken-in, sturdy trekking boots with good ankle support are essential.
- Face Protection: A buff, balaclava, or face mask is non-negotiable to protect against the persistent wind and dust.
- Sun Protection: High-altitude sun is intense. High SPF sunscreen, lip balm, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-rated sunglasses are mandatory.
- Trekking Poles: Highly recommended for stability on rocky trails and to reduce stress on knees during long descents.
For more specific details, please check our gear list section.
While this itinerary is a proven path, it can be customized to suit your specific interests or time constraints, including add-ons for the Tiji festival or more days in Lo Manthang.
Equipment Lists
Embarking on the Upper Mustang Trek demands a versatile and thoughtfully packed gear list. The right equipment is crucial for your comfort, safety, and enjoyment across diverse landscapes. This curated guide ensures you are well-prepared for varying climates, activities, and altitudes, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in every unique experience Nepal has to offer.
Head
- Sun Hat / Cap: A wide-brimmed sun hat or a baseball cap for protection from the strong Himalayan sun, especially at lower elevations and during daytime activities.
- Warm Fleece Hat / Beanie: Essential for warmth during chilly mornings, evenings, and at higher altitudes (e.g., Poon Hill sunrise). Ensure it covers your ears.
- Buff / Neck Gaiter: Highly versatile for neck warmth, sun protection, or dust/wind protection for your face.
Upper Body
- Base Layers (Wicking T-shirts & Long Sleeves): 2-3 pieces of lightweight, quick-drying merino wool or synthetic fabric. Crucial for wicking sweat.
- Mid-Layer (Fleece Jacket): 1-2 pieces of mid-weight fleece for insulation, easily added or removed as temperatures change.
- Insulated Jacket (Lightweight Puffy): A lightweight synthetic or down jacket (e.g., 600-fill power) for warmth in cooler evenings and early mornings, particularly at Ghorepani and Poon Hill.
- Outer Shell (Waterproof & Windproof Jacket): A breathable, waterproof, and windproof jacket. Essential for protection against rain, light snow, or strong winds. Look for a hood and pit zips for ventilation.
- Casual/Light Shirts: 2-3 comfortable, breathable shirts for cultural sightseeing in Kathmandu, Bandipur, and safari activities in Chitwan (e.g., cotton/linen blends). Avoid bright colors for safari.
Hands
- Lightweight Liner Gloves: Thin fleece or merino wool gloves for dexterity and warmth in cooler conditions.
- Warm Fleece Gloves / Softshell Gloves: A warmer pair for colder mornings, evenings, and on the Poon Hill ascent.
Lower Body
- Trekking Trousers: 1-2 pairs of comfortable, quick-drying trekking pants. Convertible pants (zip-off legs) are excellent for versatility.
- Warm Trousers / Fleece Pants: 1 pair of warmer pants for evenings at higher lodges or colder trekking days.
- Rain Trousers (Waterproof & Windproof): Lightweight, waterproof pants with full-length zippers are ideal for easy on/off over boots. Essential for rain or snow protection.
- Shorts: 1-2 pairs for warmer days, cultural tours, and especially comfortable for Chitwan National Park activities and rafting.
- Swimwear: For rafting or hotel pools (if applicable).
Foot Wear
- Waterproof Trekking Boots (Mid-Cut): Your primary footwear for the trek. Ensure they are well broken-in, waterproof, provide good ankle support, and have sturdy soles.
- Camp Shoes / Sandals / Flip-flops: Lightweight, comfortable footwear for wearing around lodges, in Bandipur, and for relaxing your feet after trekking (e.g., Crocs, Chacos).
- Trekking Socks: 3-4 pairs of high-quality merino wool or synthetic socks. These wick moisture and prevent blisters. Avoid cotton socks entirely.
- Casual Socks: 2-3 pairs of comfortable socks for non-trekking days.
Travel Documents
- Passport: Valid for at least 6 months beyond your trip.
- Nepal Visa: Obtain on arrival or in advance (requires passport photos).
- Airline Tickets: E-tickets for international and domestic flights (Kathmandu-Pokhara flight).
- Travel & Medical Insurance: Essential, covering medical emergencies, trip cancellation, and emergency evacuation. Carry policy details.
- Passport-sized Photographs: 4-6 extra copies for permits or unforeseen needs.
- Credit/Debit Cards & Cash (NPR): For personal expenses, tips, souvenirs. ATMs are available in cities.
- Emergency Contact Information: For yourself and your tour operator.
- Photocopies / Digital Backups: Keep copies of all important documents separate from originals (physical and digital cloud/email).
Sun Stuffs
- Sunglasses: High-quality, 100% UV-protective sunglasses (Category 3 or 4) are crucial for protecting your eyes from intense sun and glare.
- Sunscreen: Minimum SPF 30-50+, broad-spectrum, water-resistant. Apply liberally.
- Lip Balm with SPF: Essential to prevent chapping and sunburn on your lips.
Toiletries
- Toothbrush & Toothpaste: Travel-sized.
- Biodegradable Soap / Shampoo: Small, travel-sized, and ideally biodegradable to minimize environmental impact.
- Hand Sanitizer: Essential for hygiene on the go.
- Moisturizer / Lotion: For face and body, to combat dry air.
- Small Quick-Drying Towel (Microfiber): For personal use.
- Toilet Paper: Always carry a roll.
- Feminine Hygiene Products: Pack an adequate supply if applicable, as availability is limited.
Eating & Drinking
- Water Bottle(s): 1-2 reusable water bottles (e.g., Nalgene, 1-liter) or a hydration reservoir (2-3 liter for your daypack). Water purification tablets/filter are optional for personal use.
- Personal Snacks / Energy Bars: While meals are provided, extra snacks (energy bars, nuts, dried fruit, chocolate) are excellent for quick energy boosts on the trek or during activities.
Sleeping Bags
Light to Mid-Weight Sleeping Bag: A sleeping bag with a comfort rating of around 0°C to -5°C (32°F to 23°F) is generally suitable for lodge stays during the Poon Hill trek. Teahouses provide blankets, but your own bag adds crucial warmth and hygiene.
Bag Packs
- Daypack (25-35 Liters): This is the pack you'll carry daily. It should be comfortable, with padded straps, a hip belt, and space for water, snacks, extra layers, camera, valuables, and personal items. Look for an integrated rain cover.
- Duffel Bag (60-80 Liters): For your main luggage, to be transported by porters/vehicles. Choose a durable, weather-resistant bag (no rigid frame or wheels).
Climbing Equipments
- Trekking Poles (Pair): Highly recommended for stability, balance, and reducing knee strain on the trek's ascents and descents.
- Headlamp (with Spare Batteries): Crucial for early morning starts (Poon Hill), navigating lodges at night, or in case of unexpected delays.
Medical & First Aid
Personal First Aid Kit:
- Pain relievers (Ibuprofen/Paracetamol)
- Blister treatment (Moleskin, Compeed, athletic tape)
- Antiseptic wipes and bandages
- Diarrhea medication (Loperamide)
- Allergy medication (Antihistamines)
- Any personal prescription medications (with enough supply for the trip duration)
- Electrolyte powder (for hydration).
- Diamox (Acetazolamide - for AMS prevention): Consult your doctor regarding this prescription medication if you have concerns about altitude, though the risk is low on this specific trek.
- Hand warmers / Toe warmers: (Optional) For colder mornings or if you suffer from cold extremities.
Upper Mustang Trek - 18 Days FAQs
The trek is graded as Hard. Even thoug you'll not reach 5,000 metres on the Upper Mustang Trek, the difficulty comes from the long daily distances (6-9 hours on average), sustained high altitude, and exposure to wind and dust, rather than from technical climbing requirement.
The highest point on this Upper Mustang Trek itinerary is the Kangcholing Cave at 4,217 m.
Our carefully designed itinerary consists of gradual ascents and plenty of acclimatization days to mitigate any chances of altitude sickness. Plus, our expert guides are trained to recognize early symptoms. As long as you stay well-hydrated, maintain a slow and steady pace, and descend if symptoms persist, you'll be okay.
No. Upper Mustang is a government-regulated restricted area.
It is mandatory to trek with a licensed guide as part of an organized group of at least two trekkers, and all permits must be arranged by a registered Nepali trekking agency.
Our package include all permits, domestic flights, ground transport, guide and porter services, and standard meals and accommodation during the trek.
Exclusions generally cover international airfare, Nepali visa fees, travel insurance, personal expenses (showers, charging, snacks), beverages, and tips.
For a detailed breakdown please refer to Cost Details.
The high permit fee is a deliberate policy by the Nepal government to limit the number of tourists.
This strategy helps to preserve the unique, fragile culture and pristine environment of the Upper Mustang region from the impacts of mass tourism.
In this package, accommodation on the trek is in basic but clean and welcoming teahouses (lodges) on twin-sharing rooms and shared bathroom facilities.
Luxurious options are available till Lo-Manthang (at an added cost), but the options are severly limited on the eastern trail (Yara, Tangee and Tetang). Please contact us for more information.
It is recommended to budget approximately USD $25-35 per day for personal expenses.
This will cover costs such as hot showers, charging electronics, Wi-Fi (where available), extra snacks, beverages, and tips for your guide and porter.
Yes. Comprehensive travel insurance is a mandatory requirement for joining this trek.
The policy must cover high-altitude trekking up to at least 4,300 m and, crucially, include emergency medical evacuation by helicopter.